Mary J. Frain (b. Goodell) (1837-1927) was born in Chicago, Illinois, and died in Los Angeles, California. She taught school in the suburbs of Chicago when she was 15 years old. She married Benjamin F. Bailey, a physician, around 1864, and they separated sometime between 1870 and 1873. Frain earned her M.D. from Michigan Homeopathic Medical College in Lansing, Michigan, in 1872 and married fellow student, Adnah K. Frain, in Wood, Ohio, in 1873. By 1880, they were living in Spencer, Iowa. Sometime between 1887 and 1892 they moved to Chicago, where Frain was a member of The Woodlawn Women's Club. She served as its corresponding secretary, the Illinois equal suffrage delegate, and attended The Hague Peace Conference on behalf of the club. Frain was licensed to practice as a physician by the Illinois State Board of Health in 1894. The Frains practiced medicine together before deciding to retire around 1898. Adnah devoted himself to Christian Science after experiencing a healing, although Mary's involvement with Christian Science is less clear. She expressed interest in a 1887 letter to Mary Baker Eddy; however, unlike her husband who joined The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 2, 1900, and was also a Journal-listed Christian Science practitioner, Frain did not join the church or become a practitioner. She is noted to have devoted herself to social work. The Frains later moved to Los Angeles sometime during the 1920s.

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